Which of the following statements is true about descriptive research?
A researcher uses the number of times a person smiles at others as a measure of friendliness. This an example of
_____ assume that not only are people driven by a search for meaning, but also that negative experiences such as failure, awareness of death, death of a loved one, and anxiety, are part of the human condition and can foster psychological growth.
Which of the following statements is true about personality theories?
Which of the following statements best characterizes the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis?
Which of the following statements is true about psychodynamic theories?
Which of the following is not a function of a useful theory?
A theory may be set aside when it
What is the relationship between a useful theory and research data?
The _____ perspective argues that how one thinks about oneself and other people, as well as the assumptions one makes and the strategies one uses for solving problems, are the keys to understanding differences between people.
Which of the following theories emphasizes that what people think, feel, and do is always an interaction between nature and nurture?
A set of related assumptions that allows scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses is
_____ argue that the unique and long-term tendencies to behave in particular ways are the essence of human personality.
The term “personality” comes from the Latin word “persona,” which means
The extent that a test predicts some future behavior is referred to as
A test that can accurately divide extraverts from introverts is said to have
Statements formed in an if-then framework are most likely
If scores on an instrument that measures introversion correlate highly with a number of other measures of introversion—for example, shyness and inhibition—then that instrument is said to have
Which of the following statements is true about humanistic-existential theories?
Part of the internal consistency of a theory is
Which of the following statements is true about theory?
Which of the following statements is true about a reliable test?
Which of the following is not a dimension used by the authors to assess a theorist’s concept of humanity?
The personalities, cognitive processes, developmental histories, and social experiences of personality theorists help shape their theories. The discipline that deals with these factors is called
A useful theory should be parsimonious, meaning that it should be
Which of the following terms is defined as a defense mechanism whereby a person returns to an earlier stage to protect the ego against anxiety?
Freud’s psychoanalysis rests on which two cornerstones?
A mother who has deep-seated hostility toward her only child but shows overprotection and hyper-concern for the physical well-being of her child illustrates which Freudian defense mechanism?
Freud believed that the superego develops from the
Amy, an 18-month-old child, resorts to taking her baby sister’s bottle even though she has previously been weaned. This behavior illustrates which Freudian defense mechanism?
According to Freud, which of the following statements is true about the genital period in infants?
The use of Freudian defense mechanisms requires an
After the female Oedipus complex is resolved, Freud claimed that it is replaced by
According to Freud, a girl’s wish to be a boy or to have a baby
Freud’s notion of phylogenetic endowment refers to
Freud’s oral-sadistic stage is characterized by
According to Freud, which of these region(s) of the mind is (are) in contact with the external world?
Freud believed that the ego begins to evolve from the id soon after birth. While the ego is developing, the id
Asking a patient to verbalize thoughts, no matter how absurd, irrelevant, or embarrassing, is the Freudian technique of
According to Freud, dreams have meaning on two levels. The more important level concerns the
The paintings and sculptures of Michelangelo best exemplify Freud’s concept of
Which of the following areas of psychological research have recently joined to provide support for Freud’s theory of unconscious motivation?
Dreams of patients suffering from traumatic neuroses, or posttraumatic stress disorder, follow the Freudian principle of
A man goes into a gay bar and initiates a fight with a homosexual man as a result of his own unconscious homosexual impulses. This is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism?
According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following terms refers to the apprehension one feels while in the presence of a teacher?
According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about castration complex in girls?
Which of the following terms is defined as a defense mechanism that arises when psychic energy is blocked at one stage of development, thus making change or psychological growth difficult?
In the context of psychoanalytic theory, identify a true statement about Sigmund Freud.
Freud claimed that during the Oedipal period, a boy
Sigmund Freud saw the resolution of the Oedipus complex as the prototype of
Set 2
The personalities, cognitive processes, developmental histories, and social experiences of personality theorists help shape their theories. The discipline that deals with these factors is called
The basic data of science are
A reliable test
A test that can accurately divide extraverts from introverts is said to have
An educated guess that can be scientifically tested is a definition of
Part of the internal consistency of a theory is
A theory may be set aside when it
A taxonomy is best defined as
Which of these is NOT a function of a useful theory?
The ultimate value of any theory depends on its
Theories are built primarily on
What is the proper place of theory within science?
Statements formed in an if‐then framework are most likely
Any test that correlates with future behaviors is said to have
The word personality comes from the Latin word “persona”, meaning
Descriptive research
Personality theorists who adopt a teleological approach generally believe that people’s behavior is a function of
Which statement is most nearly true?
Personality theorists have evolved different systems because
Which of the following is NOT a dimension used by the authors to assess a theorist’s concept of humanity?
A useful theory must be falsifiable, which means that
A useful theory should be parsimonious, meaning that it should be
A set of related assumptions from which, by logical deductive reasoning, testable hypotheses can be drawn is
The variety of personality theories now is due to
Which statement best characterizes the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis?
According to Freud, which of these region(s) of the mind is (are) in contact with the external world?
Freud believed that condensation and displacement
According to Freud, a masochist may receive sexual pleasure from
The function that fights against id impulses regardless of what is realistic or possible is what Freud called the
Which anxiety does Freud claim most nearly resembles fear?
Freud held that the secondary process functions through
Freud believed that the ego begins to evolve from the id soon after birth. While the ego is developing, the id
According to Freud’s theory, anxiety
Freud believed that a little girl’s Oedipal wish for a baby is a substitute for the
Dreams of patients suffering from traumatic neuroses, or posttraumatic stress disorder, follow the Freudian principle of
Freud believed that instincts are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
Freud’s three levels of mental life are
Freud’s notion of the superego includes
Bettelheim argued that psychoanalysis should be seen as a
The superego, said Freud,
The “royal road to the unconscious” was thought by Freud to be
Tyler greatly admires his geometry teacher and tries to copy his mannerisms and lifestyle. This is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism?
Freud called the nonsexual love a child has for a sibling
The principle source of frustration during Freud’s anal phase is
According to Freud, feelings of inferiority stem from the
Freud’s free association technique evolved from
Freud called an expression of both the sexual and the aggressive instinct
From a Freudian perspective, psychological maturity might be characterized by
Trained psychoanalysts can interpret dreams
According to Freud, a teenager preoccupied with self and personal appearance is exhibiting
Set 3
Part of the internal consistency of a theory is
Theories are built primarily on
A useful theory should be parsimonious, meaning that it should be
Personality theorists have evolved different systems because
Personality theorists who adopt a teleological approach generally believe that people’s behavior is a function of
Which of these is NOT a function of a useful theory?
A theory may be set aside when it
Descriptive research
Any test that correlates with future behaviors is said to have
The basic data of science are
Which statement is most nearly true?
The ultimate value of any theory depends on its
Statements formed in an if‐then framework are most likely
A set of related assumptions from which, by logical deductive reasoning, testable hypotheses can be drawn is
The variety of personality theories now is due to
The two MOST important functions of a theory are its
Psychologists generally agree that personality
A reliable test
Which statement best characterizes the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis?
What is the proper place of theory within science?
A useful theory must be falsifiable, which means that
The personalities, cognitive processes, developmental histories, and social experiences of personality theorists help shape their theories. The discipline that deals with these factors is called
An educated guess that can be scientifically tested is a definition of
According to the authors of the text, personality theories
A test that can accurately divide extraverts from introverts is said to have
Freud held that castration anxiety
Which of these progressions is most consistent with psychoanalytic theory?
Among Freud’s personal qualities were
Seeing deficiencies in others that one unconsciously feels within oneself is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism
A compulsively neat person who is also stubborn and miserly is what Freud called an
The id is primarily involved in which of the following activities, according to Freud?
Asking a patient to verbalize thoughts, no matter how absurd, irrelevant, or embarrassing, is the Freudian technique of
The apprehension one feels while in the presence of a teacher is what Freud called _______ anxiety.
The classical Freudian anal character possesses all of the following traits EXCEPT for?
The most basic Freudian defense mechanism is
Tyler greatly admires his geometry teacher and tries to copy his mannerisms and lifestyle. This is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism?
According to Freud, a masochist may receive sexual pleasure from
The principle source of frustration during Freud’s anal phase is
In Freudian theory, dreams are seen as
According to Freud, a boy who feels strong hostility toward his father and sexual love for his mother is experiencing
According to Freud, the ego’s dependency on the superego results in
According to Freud, all people possess two major instincts or drives. They are
According to Freud, ideas that slip in and out of awareness with greater or lesser degrees of ease are
Shevrin, Ghannam, and Libet recently found that the defense mechanism of ______ might have a neurophysiologic basis.
Freud claimed that during the Oedipal period, a boy
Freud’s notion of phylogenetic endowment refers to
According to Freud, the genital period
According to Freud, normally, in post‐Oedipal identification with his father, a boy
According to Freud, a guilt‐ridden, timid person is most likely dominated by