It should be clear that if a person does not feel guilt he is not in his own mind guilty and will not confess to an act which others may regard as evil or wrong and he, in fact, considers correct.
In the absence of evidence, the two most compelling kinds of evidence presented to a jury are the signed confession and the identification of the defendant by an eyewitness.
Forensic pathologists can pinpoint the time of death.
One ultimate results of the adversary system, which pits defense against prosecution, is the demolition of a case through cross examination. This need not happen if the investigator is
It is important that investigators be able to articulate the investigative activities leading to the indictment of the defendant.
An investigator must at all times be in control of the interrogation.
Criminal law describes the forbidden acts and the punishment to be inflicted when the law is broken. Procedural criminal law deals with how the state may go about arresting and convicting a suspected offender.
Perhaps the biggest problem an investigator faces is his or her own understanding of their personal
Administrative management may include:
For practical purposes, the rules of evidence are rules of
A question is one that in its very asking supplies an answer.
A suspect does not have the right to have an attorney present when an identification procedure is employed, whether the attempt to effect an identification occurs before or after arrest.
When a jury cannot reach a decision, which in most case requires agreement by all voting members of the jury, the judge will nullify the trial in what is known as
Cybercrime generally falls into these categories:
The purpose of is to elicit information from a suspect who may suppress the facts, or from people whose answers might be colored by close ties to a suspect
A detective or other police officer must not offer an opinion as to which person in the mug shot display may have committed the crime.
Five elements are viewed as significant in the management of criminal investigations. Which is not one of them?
To be admissible as evidence, a dying declaration must meet several conditions. Which is incorrect?
Cybercrime is not an American innovation, and today borders are no obstacle to criminals who can use many forms of communication and transportation to carry out criminal activity.
The term is frequently used to explain the posture of an investigator must take to avoid jumping to conclusions, formulating opinions based on prior experience, actions of witnesses or suspects, or just plain biases.
As the Preamble to the Constitution asserts, the first reason for forming “a more perfect Union” is to establish justice.
Is the systematic arrangement of objects into categories (groups or classes) based on shared traits or characteristics.
Criminal law flows from the constitutions of the United States and the respective states.
Activity-responsibility including identifying the victim, estimating the time of death, and establishing the cause and manner of death belong to whom?
Circumstantial evidence is direct proof from which the fact at issue may be inferred.
At the trial stage, it is the responsibility to present the evidence in court.
Generally, a is required to conduction an investigation of the contents of a computer’s hard drive, or to gather information from an Internet source (e-mail or Internet service providers –ISP’s).
Wounds that are the product of neither a penetrating nor a cutting instrument are termed wounds.
Care must be taken during the interrogation not to coerce the suspect.
Investigative activities in a homicide include:
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
The stiffening of the body after death, is the result of chemical changes within muscle tissue.
When the state has proved the corpus delicti beyond a reasonable doubt, the prosecutor has met the burden of proof required for a jury (or judge) to convict.
Involves the use of computers or data secured from private companies to explore and retrieve information that can be analyzed to form conclusions about potential suspects or types of criminal activity.
When a suspect is apprehended and there is an eyewitness to the crime, the appropriate next step is an investigatory lineup.
Is concerned with whether there is a connection between the evidence and the issue to be proved. Evidence tends to prove or disprove a fact.
Law is the only institution devised by society to control social behavior.
An understanding of Horowitz’s social-psychological concepts will help explain why a person confesses. They are
The police must avoid any temptation to assist an eyewitness in making identification. Though present at the procedure, they do not take part. The police must also exercise care in the selection of the participants and give consideration to such issues as: the number of participant in the lineup; the position of the suspect selects; and the race, sex, physical characteristics, and the type of dress worn by the participants.
Statutory authority for police officers to make felony arrests without warrant is generally restricted to crimes committed in their presence, or to cases in which they have reasonable grounds for believing a person that has committed (or is committing) a felony.
An in and of itself implies that a certain amount of evidence is indeed available.
A dying declaration (also known as an antemortem statement) is hearsay evidence.
Any object of a material nature is potential physical evidence.
Interrogation of nonsuspects and uncooperative witness is not covered under Miranda.
Perhaps the most suitable means for demonstrating that an interrogation was conducted using civilized police practices and that the confession is trustworthy and voluntary is to record the session with a video-sound recorder (tape or digital).
(postmorterm lividity) is a reddish, purplish-blue discoloration of the skin due to settling of blood, by gravity, the vessels of the dependent areas of the body.
Out of the most common forms of communication today is the use of social media that have changed in large measure the way Americans relate to each other.
From the moment an investigator is called to the witness stand and walks into the courtroom, he or she is under scrutiny by the jury.
Victim identification is of singular importance in homicide cases; otherwise, the crime will rarely be solved.
The conduct of an interrogation is best served if the barriers to communication are
What are some of the sources of associative evidence that may appear at a crime scene?