Gregory VII worked to defeat simony (purchasing a church office) and declared that the Scriptures could be translated into vernacular (common or everyday) languages.
The First and Third Crusades were the only Crusades to successfully attack and capture Jerusalem.
Benedict of Nursia wrote a Rule for his monks. It would eventually become a standard amongst many monasteries.
The final division between the Western (Catholic) and Eastern (Orthodox) Churches occurred in 1054.
Following the decline of the Carolingian empire, monasticism itself was in need of reform.
When Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as emperor, Charlemagne had just started building his empire.
During the Middle Ages, the papacy was one of the institutions that gave continuity to western European life.
After the Great Schism, Wycliffe worked to normalize the Catholic Church by encouraging people to follow all Catholic teachings and to learn to read Latin so they could read the Bible.
Joan of Arc claimed to have had visions of St. Catherine and the Virgin Mary, ordering her to lead the Dauphin’s troops.
At one point in the 1400s, three different men claimed to be pope at the same time.
Muhammad died in 632, and within a 100 years Muslims had gained control of all the land from Armenia, south through the Middle East, along the northern coast of Africa, and up into present-day Portugal and Spain.
One of the great controversies in the Eastern Church between the mid-700s and 787 was Iconoclasm, which was brought to a conclusion by the Seventh Ecumenical Council, which distinguished between “worship” and “veneration”—thus allowing icons.
Monasteries served as centers of only worship and they rejected the importance of learning.
The Franciscans and Dominicans were both mendicant orders, which meant that they lived by making crafts such as pottery.
Francis of Assisi traveled on one of the Crusades.
In the late 800s and into the 900s, some popes were killed, and, at one point, one male was fifteen years old when he became pope.
The Visigoths took Rome in 410.
The greatest missionary success of the Orthodox Church was the conversion of Russia.
In the eleventh century, the pope had so much control in Europe that the emperor, who wanted to talk with the pope, was left waiting for three days.
Huge cathedrals were possible in the Middle Ages because Gothic architects learned how to use pointed arches and by building the ceiling that rested on columns rather than entire walls.
Set 2
The First and Third Crusades were the only Crusades to successfully attack and capture Jerusalem.
The greatest missionary success of the Orthodox Church was the conversion of Russia.
Francis of Assisi traveled on one of the Crusades.
One of the great controversies in the Eastern Church between the mid-700s and 787 was Iconoclasm, which was brought to a conclusion by the Seventh Ecumenical Council, which distinguished between “worship” and “veneration”—thus allowing icons.
Following the decline of the Carolingian empire, monasticism itself was in need of reform.
There was only one Crusade.
The reason the Cursaders in the First Crusade experienced such great success was that the Muslims were not united.
The final division between the Western (Catholic) and Eastern (Orthodox) Churches occurred in 1054.
The Franciscans and Dominicans were both mendicant orders, which meant that they lived by making crafts such as pottery.
Huge cathedrals were possible in the Middle Ages because Gothic architects learned how to use pointed arches and by building the ceiling that rested on columns rather than entire walls.
The Visigoths took Rome in 410.
The Crusades produced economic changes in Europe: prior to the Crusades the main source of wealth was land, but after the Crusades trade on the basis of money and letter of credit produced new sources of wealth.
During the Middle Ages, the papacy was one of the institutions that gave continuity to western European life.
Gregory VII worked to defeat simony (purchasing a church office) and declared that the Scriptures could be translated into vernacular (common or everyday) languages.
When Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as emperor, Charlemagne had just started building his empire.
In the late 800s and into the 900s, some popes were killed, including one who was suffocated with a pillow.
Monasteries served as centers of only worship and they rejected the importance of learning.
In the eleventh century, the pope had so much control in Europe that the emperor, who wanted to talk with the pope, was left waiting for three days.
Benedict of Nursia wrote a Rule for his monks. It would eventually become a standard amongst many monasteries.
Muhammad died in 632, and within a 100 years Muslims had gained control of all the land from Armenia, south through the Middle East, along the northern coast of Africa, and up into present-day Portugal and Spain.